Welsh bishop, poet, theologian, 104th Archbishop of Canterbury
American businessman, 45th President of the United States
German tennis player
Argentine/Cuban physician, author, intellectual, diplomat, theorist
English singer-songwriter, producer
Russian playwright
Argentine writer
English/American politician
British political activist, suffragette
German economist, sociologist
In England, Richard II met with the leaders of the Peasants' Revolt on Blackheath. The revolt was a widespread uprising by peasants and townspeople in response to taxes and labor restrictions imposed by the ruling class. The same day, rebels stormed the Tower of London without resistance.
In Leicestershire, the "New Model Army" led by Oliver Cromwell and Thomas Fairfax defeated royalist forces of English King Charles I. The battle marked a turning point in the English Civil War, securing the Parliamentarian victory and ultimately leading to the execution of Charles I.
Badi VII, the king of Sennar, surrendered his throne and realm to Ismail Pasha, the general of the Ottoman Empire. The event marked the end of the 300-year-old Sudanese kingdom.
British aviators Alcock and Brown began their journey in St. John's, Newfoundland, and reached Galway in Ireland less than 16 hours later. Their flight was the first non-stop transatlantic crossing by airplane.
German troops occupied Paris, marking the end of Germany's attacks on the western front and the beginning of its occupation of France. On the same day, the Auschwitz concentration and extermination camp opened in Nazi-controlled Poland, initially housing Polish POWs and later expanding to include civilian Jews and Romani people. Approximately 3 million people would die within its walls.
As a consequence of Soviet repressions, 11,000 inhabitants of Estonia were deported to Siberia. The mass deportations were part of Stalin's campaign to suppress any opposition or dissent within the Soviet Union.
The rhesus monkey Albert II became the first primate to reach space, ascending to an altitude of 134 km (83 mi) before dying on his return to Earth due to a parachute failure. Albert II was one of several animals used for testing purposes before sending humans into space.
After 74 days of fighting, British troops captured the capital, Stanley, in the Falkland Islands, prompting Argentine forces to surrender and return the islands to British control.
The asteroid 2002 MN, a 73-meter lump, came within three times the distance from Earth to the Moon, narrowly avoiding a collision with our planet. The asteroid was first discovered three days after its closest approach.