Italian/American director, producer, screenwriter
Nicaraguan rebel leader
Was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State
King of Congress Poland and Grand Duke of Finland
American singer, actor
Spanish pianist, composer
American drummer
French playwright
American educator, activist
Austrian composer
In 1804, Napoleon Bonaparte, a successful military leader, was appointed as the Emperor of the French by the French Senate. He is widely known for his military campaigns, which helped him to conquer much of Europe, and for his final defeat at the Battle of Waterloo.
In 1848, the first freely elected parliament of Germany, known as the German National Assembly, gathered in Frankfurt. The assembly produced a constitution that provided the basis for today's constitution of Germany, known as the Grundgesetz.
The Bath school disaster occurred in 1927 when a disgruntled school board member set off several bombs at the Bath Consolidated School and other locations in Michigan. This tragic event claimed the lives of 45 people, making it the worst school massacre in the United States.
In 1980, Mount St. Helens, a previously cone-shaped volcano, erupted and killed 57 people. The eruption replaced a large part of the volcano with a massive crater, causing its summit to be about 1300 feet (400 meters) lower than before the eruption.
The 25-year-long conflict between the Sri Lankan government and the separatist Tamil Tigers, which claimed up to 100,000 lives, ended in 2009 with the defeat of the Tigers. This marked the end of almost 26 years of fighting between the two sides.
In 1974, India became the sixth nation to explode an atomic bomb. This event marked a significant development in the country's nuclear capabilities and had implications for global politics and security.
In 1291, the Mamluks, led by Sultan al-Ashraf Khalil, conquered Acre, which was the last Crusader stronghold. This event marked the end of 100 years of Crusader control in the region and had significant historical implications for the Middle East.