This Day in History: September 03

301 The creation of San Marino

In one of the world smallest nations, the world's oldest republic was founded by Saint Marinus. This republic, San Marino, still exists today, standing as a testament to its resilience and longevity.

1650 The Battle of Dunbar

In a surprise attack, Oliver Cromwell's English New Model Army triumphed over the Scottish force, marking a pivotal event in the Battle of Dunbar.

1783 Signing of the Treaty of Paris

Signed in Paris, the Treaty ended the American Revolutionary War between Great Britain and the United States of America, marking a new chapter in the history of the two nations.

1791 Development in the French Revolution

During the French Revolution, the new French Constitution was passed by the National Assembly, establishing France as a constitutional monarchy.

1900 Britain's Annexation of the Boer Republic

General Lord Roberts of Britain proclaimed the annexation of the Boer Republic of South Africa, expanding the British Empire's reach.

1939 Outbreak of World War II

In response to Germany's invasion of Poland, Britain declared war. France, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa & Canada quickly joined the fray, marking the beginning of World War II.

1944 Anne Frank and Auschwitz

Diary author and Holocaust victim Anne Frank was sent to Auschwitz concentration camp, revealing the horrors of the Nazi regime.

1988 The Kurdish Tragedy

Estimated by this date, about 50,000 Kurdish civilians and soldiers were killed by Iraq, with many using chemical weapons, reflecting the aftermath of the Iran-Iraq War.

1995 Birth of eBay

Internet giant eBay was founded by Pierre Omidyar. Currently, the company owns ebay.com, a leading online marketplace and auction website.

1971 Independence of Qatar

After 55 years of British rule, the Persian Gulf state gained its independence, marking a major milestone for Qatar.

1967 Dagen H in Sweden

Marking a major shift in Swedish road history, the nation's drivers switched from driving on the left-hand side of the road to the right, known as Dagen H.

1783 End of American Revolutionary War

The Treaty of Paris, signed between Great Britain and the United States of America, ended the American Revolutionary War, creating a new and independent nation.

1752 Calendar Reform in the British Empire

The British Empire adopted the Gregorian calendar, skipping 11 days starting September 3. This event marked an important shift in the empire's timekeeping practices.